ABSTRACT
The curriculum that is used to guide instruction is crucial and is strongly related to student learning outcomes. Research suggests that the use of calculators in math instruction should be limited during the early grades and increased as students develop basic math skills and move on to more complex types of mathematics. Science curricula are particularly effective when teachers are well-organized and students engage in meaningful laboratory experiences that encourage higher-order thinking. One aspect of science education that is required of most students but is discussed less often is health education. Whereas curricula aimed at teaching more traditional science are often implemented through a combination of laboratory experiences and in-class lessons, achievement in health needs to be considered from a different vantage point. Outdoor education programs can promote achievement, but only when the programs are well aligned with instructional goals, occur over a substantial period of time, and are supported with follow-up instruction from the teacher.
