ABSTRACT
The development of new approaches in the planning process has led to changes of organization both at national and local government levels. Some local authorities have adopted corporate management systems involving all services and departments in a multi-disciplinary approach. Most of this chapter is about the stage of development now reached, but a glance at the factors which stimulated change may be of interest. The development of policies and strategic planning is undertaken by a team of a dozen Program Managers. Though grades and salaries differ somewhat between groups and within each group, there is intended to be no order of precedence between groups, and no hierarchy at the senior level inside each group. Some of the difficulties mentioned arise from the nature of education or from the English educational system.
