ABSTRACT
The word 'thinking' is used loosely to refer to almost anything that goes on in our heads, whether this is day-dreaming, and imagination, guessing, remembering or understanding. In psychological theory and research, however, the term has acquired a more restricted meaning and has become identified with problem-solving. Specifically, if thinking consists of judging in accordance with certain rules or standards, then the task for a psychology of thinking is to explain the relationship between the subject and the rules he uses. The first school of thought, who has been given the name of 'psychologism', states that logic is derived from psychology. The underlying thesis of psychologism is that every normative discipline is based upon one or a number of theoretical disciplines. A normative discipline is one which is concerned with the formulation of rules of conduct or procedure and a theoretical discipline with the study of the actual state of affairs that is with facts.
