ABSTRACT
This chapter aims to clarify the range of an organization's responsibilities and to support the transition toward sustainability and describes its opponents and its main successive developments. It also considers the role and function of stakeholder analysis. From a twenty-first-century perspective enlightened capitalism and its motto "doing good to do well" may be considered paternalistic and self-serving; especially when one realizes that the employees would lose all the facilities when dismissed. "Doing good to do well" was counterpointed in the high days of industrialization by another motto that referred to philanthropy: "doing well to do good." The lawsuit launched against Henry Ford by two shareholders of his company in 1916 may serve to illustrate the strength of the idea that managers should act as trustees of the owners, with the exclusive duty to enhance the owners' interests. The main characteristic of phoenix economy enterprises, also called "social" or "environmental" enterprises, is that they see profit in unprofitable pursuits.
