ABSTRACT
The approaches and legal frameworks to responsible investment in other countries were markedly different than those in the U.S.A. Labor parties historically have represented the interests of working people, unions, and the broader citizenry in many of the Western governments outside the U.S.A. In terms of corporations: Trade union influence over pension funds in North American is more strongly anchored than in Europe. This is also due to the fact that the model of company financing in the United States is based much more on the issue of equity via the stock exchange, resulting in a higher volume of shares. Dutch workers have been supporting the creation of social housing since the mid-1800s. As in many other European countries, labor unions launched the co-operative associations and housing societies; by the late 1800s, they targeted slum sections of Amsterdam for rebuilding.
