ABSTRACT
The primary focus of Systems Ecology is on the interactions and transactions between the living plant, animal, and human and non-living components within the ecological system a biological community of interacting organisms and their environment being studied. There are many industry subsystems within our economic ecosystem and each is composed of both primary and secondary organizations whose interactions, when taken as a whole, include all the elements and activities necessary to deliver the end products associated with that industry. While many might concern themselves with the search to identify the first discussion of systems, and some say it may well have been in ancient Greece, suffice it to say, the modern-day concept is usually traced back to the field of biology. In 1954, at the Palo Alto Center for Advanced Study in Behavioral Sciences four of the soon to be major contributors to systems theory met. They were: biologist Bertalanffy, mathematician Anatol Rapoport, economist Kenneth Boulding, and physiologist Ralph Gerard.
