ABSTRACT
The idea that a supply chain competes with other supply chains is not new and there is an increasing body of literature on Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM). These emerging "sustainable" practices involve dissemination or learning or knowledge transfer of new ideas throughout a supply chain, thereby influencing wider networks. Active SSCM strategy requires focal companies to initiate SSCM projects with their existing knowledge and then actively involve, train and develop selected suppliers or the whole supply chain. Proactive SSCM strategy emphasizes the deep and close collaboration between focal companies and specific suppliers with the aim of jointly innovating sustainable products, processes or business modes. The reactive strategy aims to comply with a basic code of conduct meeting minimum requirements from all the stakeholders; contributive strategy tends to be more proactive and attempts to improve SSCM performance within the existing framework to benefit stakeholders.
