ABSTRACT
This chapter reviews three main sets of standard for program implementation: specifications of an ideal treatment program; and theoretical analysis or expert judgment. The Community Oriented Programs Environment Scale profiles complement the information we obtained on treatment quantity. For example, they show that required participation in treatment activities does not ensure a highly supportive treatment environment. One potentially effective way to treat individuals with severe drug abuse problems is to establish a residential therapeutic community (TC) program based on the Synanon, Phoenix House, Day Top, or Second Genesis models. Following these ideas, Bell examined the implementation of three Second Genesis TC programs composed of young adult clients, almost all of whom had severe drug abuse problems and prior criminal justice convictions. Action-oriented and insight-oriented programs are somewhat complementary. Action-oriented programs are high on self-direction but play down self-understanding and the expression of anger, whereas insight-oriented programs are high on self-understanding and the expression of anger but low on self-direction.
