ABSTRACT
In all intelligence tests which apply to an optically given situation, the subject of the experiment has among other tasks, to grasp certain forms and shapes. These factors of form in most of the experiments described have been of the simplest, so that the uninitiated hardly recognize the characteristic properties of "shapes" (Gestalten) in them. But always where a problem of form made greater demands on the animals the chimpanzee began to fail, and, regardless of fine details in the structure of the situation, to proceed as if all forms were given him "en bloc" only without any more precise structure. The theory of form recognizes wholes which are something more than the "sum of their parts". The total impression of Sultan's behaviour is unfavourable as before; we cannot fail to recognize that intelligent behaviour alternates with quite absurd pulling and tearing, as the combination of forms of ladder and bars alternates from simple to complicated.
