ABSTRACT
A more general idea of the extent to which practitioners rely upon scientific knowledge can be obtained by an examination of the literature they read. Books written for practitioners often begin with statements of the moral credo that underlies professional practice. These statements present in general terms the ethical, and occasionally political, objectives of professional practice. Historians can cite many examples of how self-directed men emerged under conditions of great coercion, and the social psychologist, familiar with experiments on leadership climates, will maintain that persuasion per se is irrelevant. The effect is produced through one kind, e.g., democratic persuasion, but negligible with another kind, e.g., authoritarian persuasion. In 1944 a series of experiments was published by a group of psychologists at Cornell University which shed new light on the phenomenon of "facial vision" and revealed it to be a process of "acoustic vision".
