ABSTRACT
Modern warfare has been oddly simplified from a tactical point of view; for the great plans of former campaigns are now reduced to frontal attacks and vast movements tending to surround the enemy. The novelty of trenches in modern warfare consists in their extent, importance, and the way in which enemies are fortified, but not in their use, for as a matter of fact there has never been a time when they have not been employed. The changes in naval warfare have been quite as great, for the use of submarines which can in a few minutes sink gigantic battleships that cost three millions sterling has forced the latter to take refuge in port and stay there. Submarines have a twofold share in naval warfare, for enemies do material damage by the destruction which they cause, and they also produce a psychological effect by means of the fear which they inspire.
