ABSTRACT
The Faculty of Social Sciences was free from communist indoctrination. As communism in Poland evolved, especially after 1956, citizens increasingly distinguished between the unwanted regime and the state. State control of the economy, coupled with a dependence on Big Brother, forced nationalization, repression, and the interference of the ruling party in the private lives of citizens, especially in the 1944–1955 period—all this made the regime unacceptable for a large section of society. Throughout the communist era, for some citizens—a section of society that with time gained strength and developed into an institutional resistance movement—the People’s Republic of Poland was not only a country deprived of sovereignty, but one totally dependent on the Soviet Union. In the 1950s, many intellectuals, philosophers, economists, and sociologists in Poland chose to side with the ruling system. With time, however, an ideological dissonance emerged between an ideological vision of reality and what life looked like in practice.
