ABSTRACT
This chapter shows how relative failure in the community of science as a whole seems to lead to permissive standards and behavior. It explains tables and other measures of association that report data from Intensive Two-Institution Study for "role unit" of analysis. The chapter discusses the analysis of the effects of the pressures of competition in the community of science on ethical standards and practice. It reviews briefly the theory and research that has been done during the last twenty years on the nature and consequences of the competition and reward system in science by such sociologists of science as Robert K. Merton, Bernard Barber, Warren Hagstrom, Jonathan and Stephen Cole, and many others. The social structure of competition and differential reward in science has a vital influence on the possibilities for success or lack of success in resolving this dilemma of science and therapy and on the consequent manifestation of conforming or deviant behavior.
