ABSTRACT
Race, culture, ethnicity, and class are employed to explain or to justify differences in society, notably in educational or employment under-performance. A characteristic of race is inbreeding usually arising from a shared culture and/or territory. The Race Relations Act 1976 avoids defining race by a broad reference to one or more of the following: colour, race, nationality or ethnic or national origins. Anti-racists maintain that race is a social construct created and reproduced through economic, political, and ideological institutions. Nationhood and national identity are reinforced if the individual's national origin, race, ethnicity, and domicile are all essentially incorporated within a nation-state—criteria unlikely to be satisfied by multiculturalism. "Marrying out," or mixed race marriages, can be seen as cultural treachery leading to a hybrid race. The boundaries between race and culture insofar as they affect people's actions and pronouncements are impossible to assess because the underlying motives are not transparent.
