ABSTRACT
Hereditary-organic reflexes and individual reflexes have an identical basis, the only difference being in the collective nature of their manifestations. Symbolic collective reflexes—verbal ones in particular—can be observed in the gestures and exclamations of a crowd, in choral singing, etc. The development of the collective reflex of attack in the form of pogroms, wars, etc., proceeds in an analogous fashion. All processes of exchange in collectives, banks, and other organizations are based on this process of development of associative reflexes in which not only the goal itself provides stimulation as a result of experience, but, as well, all the means of achieving this goal. The same processes occur in all other collective reflexes. Some barely noticeable symptoms signal the appearance of a new social movement that grows, develops, reaches its highest point, then gradually weakens and enters the quiet flow of social life.
