ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on measures of cognitive aptitudes and achievement levels. The term aptitude is used broadly in this case to refer to underlying cognitive abilities or capacities, and achievement refers to acquired knowledge or skills. It should be understood, though, that the distinction between aptitude and achievement measures is sometimes a fine one, and that all of the measures described are based on acquired competencies. It is also worth noting at the beginning that many of the general and specific aptitude tests refer to themselves as intelligence tests. However, and because of ambiguities associated with the term intelligence, there seems to be a move away from that terminology. These are generally referred to in this chapter, then, as aptitude tests.
