ABSTRACT
Conference participants were asked to engage in a series of small-group discussions that
focused on the following major themes of the conference: (a) definitions and conceptual
models of treatment adherence in chronic childhood illness, (b) understanding the impact
of adherence or noncompliance on children and families, (c) measurement of adherence,
and (d) development and evaluation of interventions to promote treatment adherence. The
conference participants’ discussions involved a great deal of interchange and, at times, debate.
The purpose of this chapter is to summarize key points in the discussions that are relevant for
recommendations to enhance research, practice, and training concerning treatment adherence in
childhood chronic illness. Although inclusive of the various points of view that were raised in
