ABSTRACT

Secondary schools present information and ideas-plenty of both-and expect students to express themselves orally and in writing. At the same time, secondary schools routinely exclude politically unacceptable ideas from the curriculum, limit student access to alternative sources of information, and censor or punish students and teachers who address controversial topics or express views that school authorities deem offensive or dangerous (Brown, 1994; Gaddy, Hall, & Marzano, 1996; Lent & Pipkin, 2003; Moshman, 1989, 1993; Pipkin & Lent, 2002).