ABSTRACT
In this chapter you will:
Learn the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics.
Learn the difference between samples and populations.
Learn the difference between statistics and parameters.
Be introduced to the logic of statistical tests.
Learn about type I errors (false claims).
Learn about type II errors (missed effects).
Learn about the power of statistical tests to detect real effects.
Students in the behavioral sciences study statistics for a variety of reasons: the course is required, they need to analyze their thesis data in order to get a degree, and so forth. Thinking positively, let us assume that learning how to analyze, understand, and interpret research data is the paramount motivation. Then, rather than starting with long digressions into descriptive statistics and basic probability theory, it makes sense to begin immediately showing how statistics can be used to answer research questions.