ABSTRACT
A contract under seal is referred to as a 'deed'. Deeds are often used for political reasons, where a greater sense of formality is required. They are also commonly used in the case of multilateral contracts. Contracts of marine insurance are void unless made in writing in the form of a policy. A credit agreement is defined to include any agreement for the provision of credit, for example, a loan agreement or hire purchase agreement. Bills of Sale Acts in force within the region provide that a bill of sale must be made in writing and in a certain form. The Court of Appeal held that the doctrine could not be applied, as equity would not specifically enforce a contract of service. The defence that the oral contract was void for failure to comply with the 1989 Act was defeated by proprietary estoppel, providing sufficient basis for the existence of a constructive trust.
