![Case C-355/90 Commission of the European Communities v Kingdom of Spain [1993] ECR I-4221](https://images.tandf.co.uk/common/jackets/crclarge/978184314/9781843144014.jpg "Case C-355/90 Commission of the European Communities v Kingdom of Spain [1993] ECR I-4221")
ABSTRACT
Summary: 1 Articles 3 and 4 of Directive 79/409 on the conservation of wild birds require Member
States to preserve, maintain and re-establish the habitats of the said birds as such, because of their ecological value. The obligations on Member States under those Articles exist even before any reduction is observed in the number of birds or any risk of a protected species becoming extinct has materialised.
