ABSTRACT
Underlying the fundamental freedoms there are two common ideas. One is that discrimination on the grounds of nationality should not occur in the internal market. The other is that nations should become more open to each other. In the internal market context the first is usually just called discrimination, although sometimes people talk about the ‘principle of equality’ or equal treatment. It is important to remember that it is discrimination on the grounds of nationality that is being talked about, and not, for example, on the grounds of sex or race. The second is often described in terms of ‘market access’, although when people talk about encouraging further ‘integration’ in Europe they are talking about a very similar thing. The key is the openness of a nation or national market to outsiders, and to new entrants.
