ABSTRACT
The ground serves as an ideal heat source for monovalent heat pump systems. Theground stores solar energy and is also regenerated with rain water. As The ground serves as an ideal heat source for monovalent heat pump systems. The ground stores solar energy and is also a result, sufficient energy is available in winter, even when the ground is covered in snow. Vertical loops utilize more storage and a significant portion of geothermal energy. Temperatures at 15m underground remain constant the whole year, being similar to the average ambient heat air temperature over the year. They are, for instance, for Scandinavia 2 to 9°C, for Germany 9 to 11°C and for Italy 13 to 17°C.
