ABSTRACT
"The Individual and Organization: Some Problems of Mutual Adjustment" clearly indicates Chris Argyris's orientation toward the humanistic values of Theory Y. His work challenges the pyramidal value system which underpins Theory X. Argyris also identified the discrepancies between individual expectations and formal organizational structures. He focused on control as an inadequate management tool. Specifically, he examined how organizations not only perceive control as necessary, but use it too much. Argyris derived insights from both Theory X and Theory Y as he developed his vision. According to him, the management of organizations had to be redesigned because the traditional pyramidal structure is unable to utilize individual capabilities and energy. For the first time in management science research, individual human characteristics were central to the analysis. This intellectual departure, in which Argyris was a central figure, said that increased organization performance in a period of rapid social change could only be built upon a satisfied workforce.
