ABSTRACT
Mr. John Friedmann, a planner rather than an economist by background, provides a 1984-type horror story of the worst possible outcomes of two currently-favoured ‘Western’ development strategies. Friedmann expects the temptation to ‘creaming’ to be irresistible. Strategy 1 Friedmann calls ‘export substitution’; the conventional term is ‘export promotion’. It is the expansion or proliferation of a country’s menu of exports beyond agricultural and mineral raw materials to comprise labour-intensive light-industrial products—and perhaps eventually heavier industrial products as well. Friedmann also takes a nightmare view of a Strategy 2, centering upon the IBRD-Sussex study of Redistribution with Growth, which he calls simply ‘Redistribution with Growth’. This strategy features the development and financing of ‘appropriate technologies’—more properly appropriate output mixes—to combine acceptable though usually not maximum rates of measured growth with fuller employment and higher incomes for the lower 60 percent of the population.
