ABSTRACT
PAH Pulmonary arterial hypertension PC Phase contrast PEAK-GRAPPA Parallel MRI with extended and averaged
GRAPPA kernels PET Positron emission tomography RF Radiofrequency ROI Region of interest RV Right ventricle SAX Short axis SD Standard deviation SENSE Sensitivity encoding SNR Signal-to-noise ratio SPECT Single-photon emission computed
tomography SR Strain rate SSFP Steady-state free precession TDI Tissue Doppler imaging TE Echo time TPM Tissue phase mapping TR Repetition time TTP Time-to-peak velocity TX Heart transplant Venc Velocity sensitivity
In the beginning of the MRI era, the intrinsic motion sensitivity of the MR signal has been used to image vessels or to directly measure and quantify blood ow based on phase-contrast (PC) imaging (Moran 1982, Bryant et al. 1984, Nayler et al. 1986, Firmin et al. 1990). For example, as early as 1982, Moran (1982) described a method, which they called velocity zeugmatographic, for direct and quantitative MRI ow imaging. Two years later, Bryant et al. (1984) used a spin echo sequence for ow imaging using PC MRI. Almost at the same time, van Dijk (1984) came up with the idea of measuring myocardial tissue motion to characterize the cardiac function using PC MRI. Nayler et al. (1986) showed the capability of measuring motion velocity components in any direction by appropriate modication of the gradient prole, which produces velocity-dependent phase shifts that can be displayed by phase mapping.
