ABSTRACT

All biological entities in the human anatomy originate at the nanoscale.1 Further understanding of the biology, m aterials eng ineering, a nd ba sic c hemistry h as le d to a b etter u nderstanding o f b iological systems or native tissues and what it takes to create, repair, or even regenerate whole functional tissues. It h as a lso b een re cently e vident t hat na noscale f eatures o n t he g ra s g reatly a id c ellular sig naling processes and play a major role in the regeneration processes. Based on these ndings over the years, it is very obvious that in order to repair and regenerate lost or damaged tissues, nanotechnology and its applications play a key role.