ABSTRACT
Media ecology began to be formulated at in the early seventies as a metadiscipline engaged in the study of media and complex communication systems as environments. Certain elements of the approach to media ecology considered mitigate against common notions of media or technological determinism. The history of Apple is very much one of two acts. Founded by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak in 1976, its first phase was as the company which, alongside Microsoft, probably did more than any other to transform public perceptions of the personal computer. The failure of Newsstand did not mark the complete end of Apple’s engagement with journalism via iOS. “Digital ecosystem” has become something of a buzzword in recent years. The business research organisation, Gartner, for example, offers its services to support organisations that wish to use “digital business ecosystems & the platform economy” to gain the “leverage organizations need to monetize, manage, and measure information as an asset for competitive advantage”.
