This chapter focuses on non-governmental organizations (NGO) and the challenges they face in the age of global terrorism. It deals with a brief introduction to contemporary terrorism. The chapter discusses specific challenges, including those that originate from terrorist organizations and originate from counterterrorism measures. Terrorism is the intentional use of violence or threat of violence by non-state actors aimed at achieving a political, social, economic, and/or religious goal. In addition to looting and raids, terrorist organizations have found other ways to cull resources from NGOs. Although terrorists use a number of tactics, NGO workers are subject to more kidnappings than any other kind of attack. Both government and non-governmental representatives contribute to the blurred lines between NGOs and government organizations. Many international NGOs originate in countries that provide troops to coalition forces that counter terrorism and, thus, are assumed to share the values and ideals of their home governments.