ABSTRACT
Groundwater contamination as a result of the subsurface presence of nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) is ubiquitous. Sources of NAPLs include the release of crude oil and refined petroleum-related products from aboveground and underground storage tanks, pipeline corridors, dry wells, and accidental releases. Relative permeability is the reduction of mobility between more than one fluid flowing through a porous media, and is the ratio of the effective permeability of a fluid at a fixed saturation to the intrinsic permeability. The relationship between apparent thicknesses as measured in wells and formation thickness across a Light NAPL (LNAPL) pool. Oxidation usually occurs near the surface resulting in degradation, increased viscosity, and specific gravity and conversion of some liquid components to solids. The operation of extracting asphalt components from a petroleum product is referred to as deasphalting.
