ABSTRACT
The history of masonry mortar binders in the United States is unique and complex. Among the less extensively studied materials are the non-staining cements used in conjunction with light-colored masonry materials. Within the American timeline, perhaps the most interesting period for these binders is the late 19th and early 20th century. During this period, there are clear regional trends in material usage based on availability. Slag cement mixes were employed in areas where steel manufacture was a prominent industry. Grappier cements were imported from France and limited mainly to regions near ports of entry on the East Coast. White Portland cements were not produced until the turn of the 20th century but became the dominant non-staining cement relatively quickly. In addition to patterns of use, it is important to understand the general properties of these mortars as these impact on the ongoing performance of the masonry.
