ABSTRACT
This chapter explains how the Saudi authorities implement geographic information system concepts in controlling the spatial risks of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The incidence of COVID-19 started when the virus moved from animal to human populations. The accessibility of geo-referenced COVID-19 data is of significance in mapping the disease and linking it to environmental or social risk factors. The geographical spreading and seasonal behavior of the disease, as well as its transmission and abundance, are controlled by environmental and climatological variables. Visual displays of quantitative data, such as cases of infections, on cartographic maps for understanding causes has a long history. The best-known example is that of Dr. John Snow and the cholera deaths of London in the mid-nineteenth century. The visualization of spatial epidemiological data on a background of environmental or climatological layer enables one to discern patterns and correlations.
