ABSTRACT
Numerical modelling of excavations in rock has advanced considerably in recent decades. While continuum numerical models form their basis in methods which can be verified by analytical solutions, discontinuum and hybrid numerical modelling software are challenging to verify. This necessitates the development of processes that can verify individual aspects of complex models. The hybrid finite-discrete element method (FDEM) allows for the numerical representation of progressive fracture in a simulated elastic material. The FDEM is a powerful tool for modelling instability around tunnels in brittle rock; however, significant verification of the method is required for its use in predictive modelling in critical engineering projects. To verify the FDEM for the purpose of modelling instability around tunnels in brittle rock, a multi-method and multi-scale stepwise verification approach is proposed.
