ABSTRACT
Microbial biofilms play a crucial role in subsurface energy systems, such as hydrocarbon reservoirs and underground CO2 and hydrogen (H2) storage. Biofilm accumulation in the pore space can result in clogging, which can lead to substantial alterations in hydrocarbon conductivity and the physical/chemical characteristics of porous media. Comprehending the fundamental mechanisms that contribute to biofilm formation, as well as assessing the potential microbial risks, is vital for devising efficient strategies to oversee subsurface ecosystems and alleviate the effects of biofilm formation on industrial processes. Novel strategies are being developed to manage and control biofilm formation, such as osmotic techniques. This work offers valuable insights into the impacts of biofilm formation on subsurface energy systems, aiming to enhance the understanding of potential microbial risks among engineers, operators, and other stakeholders. The findings of this research are essential in facilitating the successful large-scale implementation of biofilm-related technologies in the future, ensuring their effective utilization and maximizing their benefits in subsurface energy systems.
