ABSTRACT
Flip-type ground anchors (hereinafter referred to as “flip anchors”) are a kind of ground anchor that does not require grouting to obtain the pull-out resistance. The flip anchors are directly driven into the ground. When pull-out forces act on the anchors, their anchor heads rotate and open in the ground. Unlike ordinary pre-embedded plate anchors, there are few studies on flip anchors. To estimate the pull-out resistance of flip anchors in sand grounds, a calculation method based on 3D ground failure modes by limit equilibrium method is proposed. The calculated values of pull-out resistance agreed with the measured values from pull-out experiments using 5 sizes of actual flip anchors in full-scale model sand grounds.
