Versatility of u-w-p formulation to instability phenomena of saturated soil

Numerical stability of soil-water coupling was evaluated by a spectral radius of simultaneous recursive equations comprised of u -p/ u - w -p governing equations with time integration formulas. As a result, the numerical stability of the u - w -p formulation was confirmed for instability problems as well as highly permeable conditions. Then, the u - w -p formulation-based soil-water coupled elasto-plastic finite deformation analysis was carried out for the instability problems of saturated soil (i.e. earthquake-induced liquefaction and seepage force-induced boiling problems). Finally, we indicated the versatile applicability of u - w -p formulation-based analysis without failure of calculation even in the destabilizing stage of analysis which cannot be solved by the u -p formulation.