ABSTRACT
This article investigates how four Sufi masters, who were ajami or non-Arab, responded to certain political issues. This article found that they had no similar collective sentiments about a true ingredient (meaning) of “scenting the heart” in Sufism. The present study of Sufism is comprehensive, viewing Sufism as a religious institution which includes not only inner mystical experience, but also its social and political aspects. This study argues that these features contributed to making Sufi masters agents of change.
