ABSTRACT
The use of nanoparticles in agricultural applications is gaining considerable interest due to increased crop yield, better nutrient utilization and targeted delivery of pesticides. Among them, green nanoparticles come with the added advantage of lower residual nanoparticles, greater biocompatibility and higher biodegradability. Biogenic or biocompatible nanoparticles enhance the plant growth through efficient nutrient utilization attributable to their controlled nutrient release characteristics. While plant protection can mostly be ascribed to the antioxidant enzymatic activity activated by the nanoparticles. The extent to which these eco-friendly nanoparticles act as fertilizers or antimicrobial agents largely depends on their morphology and physico-chemical characteristics. Synthesis methods as well as synthesis parameters play a significant role in controlling the nanoparticle characteristics. However, limited literature on residual cytotoxicity or environmental resistance limits their large-scale applications in a real-field scenario. Therefore, a risk–benefit analysis along with a life cycle approach must be considered before their application in sustainable agriculture.
