ABSTRACT
In the early 1990s, James F. Moore was at the origin of the concept of business ecosystems, now becoming an interesting approach for the design of Internet of Things (IoT) evolution and deployment. Moore defined “business ecosystem” as “an economic community supported by a foundation of interacting organizations and individuals – the organisms of the business world. The economic community produces goods and services of value to customers, who are themselves members of the ecosystem. Moreover, the necessary system thinking for ecosystems is a radical change compared with a former system thinking from the last century, where the control paradigm and a more technical understanding of systems were principally dominating. With industry players all battling to “own” customers and their data, the IoT market looks chaotic and fragmented. Tangible business opportunities for IoT technologies can be found across all “smart” environments identified by various experts.
