ABSTRACT
Terrestrial analogue environments are places on Earth with geological or environmental conditions that are similar to those that exist on an extraterrestrial body. The purpose of using these terrestrial analogue sites for planetary missions is to learn about planetary processes on Earth and elsewhere; to test methodologies, protocols, strategies, and technologies; to train highly qualified personnel, as well as science and operation teams; and to engage the public, space agencies, media, and educators. Most analogue sites are devoted to Mars. Both Europa and Enceladus are characterized by a planet-wide ocean covered with a thick ice-crust. Long-term field-testing campaigns have been established to provide a framework for planetary instrument and mission testing. The Desert Research and Technology Studies field-testing campaigns started in 1997 in support of future manned mission scenarios.
