ABSTRACT
All underground works are exposed to diversified risks, with the overall “risk profile” depending upon several factors, such as complexity, configuration, layout, major interfaces, etc. Each structure, including both temporary and permanent works, can be adversely affected, necessitating a bespoke and dedicated approach. This paper elaborates in depth on the four major hazard sources (namely earth, fire, water, wind), describes their salient characteristics and properties and delineates the various ways that the project can be affected, with any adverse outcome impacting the critical project areas such as cost, time, quality, health & safety, etc.
Nevertheless, these adversities can be proactively moderated by experienced risk engineers with the use of comprehensive and well-recognized guidelines, the timely provision of beneficial feedback and articulation of targeted loss control recommendations. The final achievable outcome is the reduction of the total cost of risk with tangible benefits to all project stakeholders.
