ABSTRACT
This study aims to improve the non-locomotor movement abilities of students with intellectual disabilities of Down syndrome type. Meanwhile, in order to determine the increase in non-locomotor movement abilities, a biomechanics-based measuring instrument must be developed. The development of this non-locomotor biomechanical evaluation tool can be used as a series of waterfall modeling with five working steps: (1) needs of analysis, (2) system design, (3) program writing, (4) testing, and (5) implementation. This research comprises three phases: application development, expert validation, and limited trial. To determine the feasibility of the instrumentation dimensions of the evaluation tool and its use, it was validated by expert partners from Taiwan's National Dong Hwa University with testable results. The application of Bocce exercise learning to determine the ability of students with intellectual disabilities through the normality test revealed no significant differences in pretest-posttest ball throwing, adduction-abduction, flexion-extension, or internal-external rotation. The results of the normality test analysis between students are the same, even though non-locomotor movement manipulatives have been used in learning Bocce sports for students with Down syndrome in special schools. The analysis of the different paired sample tests revealed that six data showed no significant difference between the pre-test and post-test of throwing the distance between the jack and the ball, adduction-abduction, flexion-extension, and external rotation. Even though the test analyses were different, 1 data point in the paired sample test showed a significant difference between the results before and after the internal rotation motion test, but no significant difference was found.
