ABSTRACT
Geosynthetic clay liners have gained widespread popularity as a substitute for compacted clay liners in many applications. A geosynthetic clay liner (GCL), also known as geosynthetic clay barrier (GBR-C), is a factory-produced clay barrier which consists of two geotextile layers with a layer of sodium bentonite. GCLs are used in multiple barrier applications. The GCL requirements must fit to the anticipated field, mechanical and hydraulic conditions, chemical effects and shear strength parameters. A main consideration is also the lifetime of the project, so that the durability aspect is also of major importance. This paper will present key design criteria that are necessary for a proper design and also cover the calculation of leakage rates and shear stability. Other factors will also be addressed in this paper. Finally, the paper will evaluate current well known specification recommendations, such as GRI-GCL3, and make recommendations for improvements.
