ABSTRACT
Supercapacitors (SCs) are new electrochemical energy storage devices with high power density, which can achieve fast charge and discharge and can have ultra-long cycle life through the reaction mechanism of electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) or pseudocapacitor. Porous carbon-based materials originating from nature have been widely used in SCs due to their unique properties such as low cost, high specific surface area, tunable pore structure, excellent electrical conductivity, and chemical stability. Based on these characteristics, the electrochemical performance of porous carbon-based SCs can be improved by developing new carbon materials with appropriate pore structures and optimizing electrolytes that are suitable for electrolyte ion storage. In this chapter, the impact of various components of carbon-based SCs on their electrochemical performance will be discussed in detail, including the theoretical background and energy storage mechanism of SCs, the electrolyte and carbon-based electrode materials used in SCs, as well as factors influencing the performance of carbon materials. Finally, some insights and perspectives on the future development of SCs are analyzed.
