ABSTRACT
The use of artificial intelligence (‘AI’) in the military domain raises complex legal, ethical, human control and operational challenges. While AI promises more rapid decision-making, great efficiencies and enhanced lethality, it also presents a range of risks. States developing new AI capabilities for use in the military domain must establish national processes that allow them to identify and mitigate the risks across the entire life cycle of the AI capability. This chapter canvases existing military regulatory and governance frameworks designed to address these challenges, particularly during the acquisition and use of highly technical, military capabilities. To mitigate such risks, the chapter identifies and explains the national weapon review process and proposes how such a process may be modified to enable a broader risk-based approach to address legal, ethical, human control and operational risks associated with the military use of AI technologies.
