ABSTRACT
This study focuses on the advanced numerical modelling of retaining structures for deep excavations in urban areas using the Plaxis Hardening Soil model with small-strain stiffness (HSS). The main objective is to provide a safe and stable solution for deep excavations next to metro stations and tunnels. This model is utilized to simulate soil response and soil-structure interaction. The numerical results are validated and calibrated against field measurements to update models for additional accuracy and reliability. The advanced numerical modelling approach based on HSS material models can effectively predict the behaviour of the soil and retaining structures and provide valuable information for the design and construction of retaining structures for deep excavations in urban areas.
