ABSTRACT
The study sought to examine shortcomings in the provision of clean water to rural settlements and how these affect attainment of sustainable development goals, and thereby propose a model which integrates indigenous and modern water supply methods to overcome water scarcity in rural areas. Applying a mixed method methodology within a positivist paradigm, data was gathered through document reviews and self-administered survey questionnaires for households, and structured interviews for other stakeholders. Findings indicated that inadequate access to reliable and safe water hinder sustainable development. Water supply in rural areas is affected by lack of resources, lack of funding, illegal connection, political instability, poor operation and maintenance, lack of capacity and skills. It is recommended that the enhancement of innovative technologies and modern approaches to maintain water systems be accepted and blended with traditional knowledge that exists to make them more appealing and valuable for the intended purpose.
