ABSTRACT
This research investigated whether essential skills can be improved through Project-Based Learning (PBL) activities. Previous studies have already established that PBL experiences can lead to improved essential skills. However, given the variety of projects that can be undertaken using PBL, the development of essential skills in these activities may vary. Therefore, this study compared and examined the data obtained from questionnaire surveys conducted before and after PBL activities, targeting members of a university seminar. The survey results were then analyzed to compare the development of essential skills between team and individual settings. Furthermore, factor analysis was conducted to investigate how the elements necessary for PBL activities are classified into factors. Ultimately, this research aims to provide a clearer understanding of how essential skills can be developed through PBL and how this may vary depending on the nature of the project and the dynamics within the team.
