ABSTRACT
This review emphasizes the importance of bacteria in self-healing concrete for sustainable construction practices. Concrete faces environmental interactions that result in higher maintenance costs and sustainability issues. The bacterial-induced calcite precipitation process, triggered by the enzymatic hydrolysis of urea, enables the formation of calcium carbonate crystals. This improves the mechanical and durability properties of concrete, ultimately extending its lifespan. Ensuring the compatibility of bacteria in concrete is crucial and can be influenced by various concrete admixtures, such as superplasticizers, accelerators, and the activity of bacterial spores. Collaborative efforts among researchers and stakeholders are necessary to address challenges like scalability, durability, and standardization. Optimizing bacterial concrete for various applications, integrating genetically modified bacteria into the concrete mixture, adopting sustainable manufacturing techniques, and employing smart technologies to diagnose the early signs of damage are crucial. In addition, future research directions promise to revolutionize concrete to enhance performance and promote sustainability.
