ABSTRACT
Bio-coal, also referred to as torrefied or hydrothermal carbon, offers a promising path toward sustainable energy solutions by utilizing renewable biomass feedstocks. Its production process transforms biomass into a high-energy-density fuel, challenging the dominance of conventional fossil fuels in the energy domain. Bio-coal is a strong substitute for conventional coal, having the ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and encourage rural development. This will accelerate the switch to greener and more environmentally friendly energy sources. This chapter deliberates on the economic dimensions of bio-coal, examining production costs, market dynamics, and its potential for widespread adoption. It explores the diverse array of biomass feedstock sources utilized in bio-coal production, ranging from agricultural residues to dedicated energy crops. Technological advancements and innovations driving efficiency in the bio-coal production process are assessed, including torrefaction methods and reactor designs. Furthermore, this chapter addresses the potential and problems that the bio-coal enterprises present, offering a thorough manual for decision-makers, scholars, and industry participants who are concerned with the sustainable development of the world and the financial feasibility of bio-coal.
